Bosporus

Bosporus sa tiahne 19 míľ (30 km), s maximálnou šírkou 2,3 míľ (3,7 km) na svojom severnom vchode a minimálnou šírkou 2,450 stôp (750 m) medzi osmanskými opevnenými miestami Rumelihisar a Anadoluhisar. Jeho stredná hĺbka prúdu sa pohybuje od 36,5 do 124 metrov (120 až 40 stôp). Existuje silný prúd, ktorý cestuje z Čierneho mora do Marmarského mora v jeho strede, ale pod povrchom je prúd, ktorý prináša viac slanej vody z Marmarského mora do Čierneho mora. Bosporus je ťažko rybársky, pretože ryby používajú kanál na cestovanie do a z Čierneho mora počas rôznych ročných období. Nájdete dediny, letoviská a luxusné domy, ktoré dotýkajú krajiny na oboch stranách vody.

The name Bosporus comes from the Greek word for “ox ford,” boos poros, and is associated with the mythical figure Io, who is said to have taken the form of a heifer and crossed the Thracian Bosporus on her travels. Byzantine emperors and later Ottoman sultans built fortifications along the strait’s shores, particularly on the European side, due to the city of Constantinople’s (Istanbul) strategic location at the strait’s southern end. The castles of Anadoluhisar, built-in 1390–91 on the Asian shore by Bayezid I, and Rumelihisar, built-in 1452 by Mehmed II, directly across the strait, are two such examples. As European powers grew in the 19th century, they codified rules (in treaties in 1841 and 1871) for the passage of commercial and naval vessels through the strait. After the Ottomans were defeated in World War I, an international commission took over the administration of the strait. With the ratification of the Montreux Convention in 1936, Turkey regained authority.

Most Boaziçi (Bosporus I) bol prvý, ktorý bol postavený a otvoril sa pre premávku v roku 1973 s hlavným rozsahom 3,524 stôp (1,074 metra). Most Fatih Sultan Mehmed, známy aj ako Bosporus II, bol otvorený pre premávku v roku 1988 a má hlavný rozsah 3,572 stôp (1,090 metra). Hlavný rozsah mostu Yavuz Sultan Selim (Bosporus III) je 4,620 stôp; otvoril sa pre premávku v roku 2016 (1,408 metrov). Trvalo to až do roku 2016, kým sa pod Bosporom dokončil cestný tunel, ale v roku 2013 urobil to isté železničný tunel.

v gréckej mytológii
She was the offspring of the river god Inachus and the Oceanid Melia, and she was known as Io in Greek mythology. Callithyia was the name by which Io was known as the first priestess of Hera, the wife of Zeus. Zeus fell in love with her and turned her into a white heifer to shield her from Hera’s wrath. Zeus’s wife Hera convinced him to give her the heifer in exchange for sending Argus Panoptes (“the All-Seeing”) to keep an eye on her. So Zeus dispatched Hermes, and Hermes put Argus to sleep with a spell and then killed him while he was sleeping. Hera then sent a gadfly to bother Io. Io ran across the world, swam the strait that would later be called the Bosporus (meaning “Ox-Ford”), and ended up in Egypt, where she was changed back into her original form and gave birth to Epaphus.

Egyptská bohyňa Isis bola spojená s Io a posvätný býk Apis bol spojený s Epaphusom. Po tom, čo bol unesený na príkaz Hery, Epaphus bol nakoniec umiestnený Io v Byblose, Sýria. V tomto rozprávaní mýtu je Astarte, bohyňa Sýrie, spojená s Io. Egyptské a sýrske časti ukazujú, ako mal Východ vplyv a ako nebr. grécke bohovia boli často porovnávané so svojimi gréckymi náprotivkami.

Most Bosporus bol postavený v rokoch 1970 až 1973.

Most spája kontinenty Európy a Ázie v Istanbule / Turecku. Most Bospor má 64 metrov vysoký od vody a jeho stĺpy sú 178 metrov.

Most je určený len pre autá a prepravu, ale pešo nie je povolené pre prehliadky alebo cez.